CBSE Class 10 Board Exam Formula Sheet — Math & Science
CBSE Class 10 board exams are one of the most important milestones in a student's life. Having a comprehensive formula sheet ensures you do not waste exam time recalling basic formulas. This page provides a complete CBSE Class 10 formula sheet covering all math chapters (quadratic equations, trigonometry, coordinate geometry, statistics, probability) and key science formulas (electricity, optics, chemical reactions).
All formulas are aligned with the current NCERT Class 10 syllabus and CBSE exam pattern. Use this sheet for last-minute revision, practice sessions, and exam-day reference.
Mathematics Formulas — Class 10
Quadratic Equations
- Standard form: ax² + bx + c = 0 (a ≠ 0)
- Quadratic formula: x = [−b ± √(b²−4ac)] / 2a
- Discriminant: D = b² − 4ac (D>0: two roots; D=0: equal roots; D<0: no real roots)
Arithmetic Progressions
- nth term: aₙ = a + (n−1)d
- Sum of n terms: Sₙ = n/2 [2a + (n−1)d] = n/2 (a + l)
Trigonometry
- sin²θ + cos²θ = 1
- 1 + tan²θ = sec²θ
- 1 + cot²θ = cosec²θ
- sin(90°−θ) = cosθ; cos(90°−θ) = sinθ
Coordinate Geometry
- Distance: d = √[(x₂−x₁)² + (y₂−y₁)²]
- Section formula (internal division): P = [(mx₂+nx₁)/(m+n), (my₂+ny₁)/(m+n)]
- Area of triangle: ½|x₁(y₂−y₃) + x₂(y₃−y₁) + x₃(y₁−y₂)|
Science Formulas — Class 10
Electricity
- Ohm's Law: V = IR
- Power: P = VI = I²R = V²/R
- Resistors in series: R = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
- Resistors in parallel: 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃
Light — Optics
- Mirror formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u
- Lens formula: 1/f = 1/v − 1/u
- Magnification (mirror): m = −v/u
- Snell's Law: n₁ sinθ₁ = n₂ sinθ₂
Frequently Asked Questions
- What are the most important formulas for CBSE Class 10 board exam?
- The most important formulas include the quadratic formula, trigonometric identities (sin²θ + cos²θ = 1), coordinate geometry distance formula, AP nth term formula, lens/mirror formulas, and Ohm's Law.
- How many marks does the trigonometry chapter carry in Class 10 boards?
- In CBSE Class 10 Maths, the Trigonometry unit carries approximately 12 marks in the board exam — making it one of the highest-weightage units.
- What is the mirror formula in Class 10 Physics?
- The mirror formula is 1/f = 1/v + 1/u, where f is the focal length, v is the image distance, and u is the object distance. Magnification m = −v/u.
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