What is the difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Spermatogenesis: Continuous process in males from puberty; occurs in seminiferous tubules; 4 functional sperms per primary spermatocyte (meiosis). Oogenesis: Begins in foetal life (arrested at birth); one functional ovum per primary oocyte (3 polar bodies are discarded); process completes only at fertilisation; unequal cytokinesis (ovum gets most cytoplasm).

What triggers ovulation on day 14?

Ovulation is triggered by a sharp surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) on day 13–14 of the menstrual cycle. Rising oestrogen from the maturing Graafian follicle triggers positive feedback to the anterior pituitary → LH surge → Graafian follicle ruptures → secondary oocyte released into fallopian tube.

Why is the corpus luteum important?

After ovulation, the ruptured Graafian follicle develops into the corpus luteum under LH stimulation. Corpus luteum secretes progesterone (and some oestrogen) which: (1) maintains thick endometrium ready for implantation; (2) inhibits FSH/LH to prevent new follicle development. If implantation occurs, hCG from embryo maintains corpus luteum through pregnancy. If not, it degenerates → menstruation.

Human Reproductive System and Gametogenesis

Human Reproduction • Class 12 Biology • NCERT • CBSE

Male reproductive system: testes (spermatogenesis), epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate. Female: ovaries (oogenesis), fallopian tube, uterus, vagina. Menstrual cycle: 28 days — menstruation (1–5), follicular (6–13), ovulation (14), luteal phase (15–28). Fertilisation in fallopian tube → zygote → implantation in uterus.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?: Spermatogenesis: Continuous process in males from puberty; occurs in seminiferous tubules; 4 functional sperms per primary spermatocyte (meiosis). Oogenesis: Begins in foetal life (arrested at birth); one functional ovum per primary oocyte (3 polar bodies are discarded); process completes only at fertilisation; unequal cytokinesis (ovum gets most cytoplasm).
What triggers ovulation on day 14?: Ovulation is triggered by a sharp surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) on day 13–14 of the menstrual cycle. Rising oestrogen from the maturing Graafian follicle triggers positive feedback to the anterior pituitary → LH surge → Graafian follicle ruptures → secondary oocyte released into fallopian tube.
Why is the corpus luteum important?: After ovulation, the ruptured Graafian follicle develops into the corpus luteum under LH stimulation. Corpus luteum secretes progesterone (and some oestrogen) which: (1) maintains thick endometrium ready for implantation; (2) inhibits FSH/LH to prevent new follicle development. If implantation occurs, hCG from embryo maintains corpus luteum through pregnancy. If not, it degenerates → menstruation.

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